1. The Duke Ling of Wei asked Confucius about tactics. Confucius replied, "I have heard all about sacrificial vessels, but I have not learned military matters." On this, he took his departure the next day.

2. When he was in Chan, their provisions were exhausted, and his followers became so in that they were unable to rise.

3. Tsze-lu, with evident dissatisfaction, said, "Has the superior man likewise to endure in this way?" The Master said, "The superior man may indeed have to endure want, but the mean man, when he is in want, gives way to unbridled license."

4. The Master said, "Ts'ze, you think, I suppose, that I am one who learns many things and keeps them in memory?"

5. Tsze-kung replied, "Yes,-but perhaps it is not so?"

6. "No," was the answer; "I seek a unity all pervading."

7. The Master said, "Yu I those who know virtue are few."

8. The Master said, "May not Shun be instanced as having governed efficiently without exertion? What did he do? He did nothing but gravely and reverently occupy his royal seat."

9. Tsze-chang asked how a man should conduct himself, so as to be everywhere appreciated.

10. The Master said, "Let his words be sincere and truthful and his actions honorable and careful;-such conduct may be practiced among the rude tribes of the South or the North. If his words be not sincere and truthful and his actions not honorable and carefull will he, with such conduct, be appreciated, even in his neighborhood?

11. "When he is standing, let him see those two things, as it were, fronting him. When he is in a carriage, let him see them attached to the yoke. Then may he subsequently carry them into practice."

12. Tsze-chang wrote these counsels on the end of his sash.

13. The Master said, "Truly straightforward was the historiographer Yu. When good government prevailed in his state, he was like an arrow. When bad government prevailed, he was like an arrow. A superior man indeed is Chu Po-yu! When good government prevails in his state, he is to be found in office. When bad government prevails, he can roll his principles up, and keep them in his breast."

14. The Master said, "When a man may be spoken with, not to speak to him is to err in reference to the man. When a man may not be spoken with, to speak to him is to err in reference to our words. The wise err neither in regard to their man nor to their words."

15. The Master said, "The determined scholar and the man of virtue will not seek to live at the expense of injuring their virtue. They will even sacrifice their lives to preserve their virtue complete."

16. Tsze-kung asked about the practice of virtue. The Master said, "The mechanic, who wishes to do his work well, must first sharpen his tools. When you are living in any state, take service with the most worthy among its great officers, and make friends of the most virtuous among its scholars."

17. Yen Yuan asked how the government of a country should be administered.

18. The Master said, "Follow the seasons of Hsia.

19. "Ride in the state carriage of Yin.

20. "Wear the ceremonial cap of Chau.

21. "Let the music be the Shao with its pantomimes. Banish the songs of Chang, and keep far from specious talkers. The songs of Chang are licentious; specious talkers are dangerous."

22. The Master said, "If a man take no thought about what is distant, he will find sorrow near at hand."

23. The Master said, "It is all over! I have not seen one who loves virtue as he loves beauty."

24. The Master said, "Was not Tsang Wan like one who had stolen his situation? He knew the virtue and the talents of Hui of Liu-hsia, and yet did not procure that he should stand with him in court."

25. The Master said, "He who requires much from himself and little from others, will keep himself from being the object of resentment."

32 more verses…