1. Men say there went by ways so green Of old the god, the aged and wise, Mighty and strong did Rig go striding.

2. Forward he went on the midmost way, He came to a dwelling, a door on its posts; In did he fare, on the floor was a fire, Two hoary ones by the hearth there sat, Ai and Edda, in olden dress.

3. Rig knew well wise words to speak, Soon in the midst of the room he sat, And on either side the others were.

4. A loaf of bread did Edda bring, Heavy and thick and swollen with husks; Forth on the table she set the fare, And broth for the meal in a bowl there was. (Calf's flesh boiled was the best of the dainties.)

5. Rig knew well wise words to speak, Thence did he rise, made ready to sleep; Soon in the bed himself did he lay, And on either side the others were.

6. Thus was he there for three nights long, Then forward he went on the midmost way, And so nine months were soon passed by.

7. A son bore Edda, with water they sprinkled him, With a cloth his hair so black they covered; Thraell they named him,

8. The skin was wrinkled and rough on his hands, Knotted his knuckles, Thick his fingers, and ugly his face, Twisted his back, and big his heels.

9. He began to grow, and to gain in strength, Soon of his might good use he made;

10. With bast he bound, and burdens carried, Home bore faggots the whole day long.

11. One came to their home, crooked her legs, Stained were her feet, and sunburned her arms, Flat was her nose; her name was Thir.

12. Soon in the midst of the room she sat, By her side there sat the son of the house; They whispered both, and the bed made ready, Thraell and Thir, till the day was through.

13. Children they had, they lived and were happy, Fjosnir and Klur they were called, methinks, Hreim and Kleggi, Kefsir, Fulnir, Drumb, Digraldi, Drott and Leggjaldi, Lut and Hosvir; the house they cared for, Ground they dunged, and swine they guarded, Goats they tended, and turf they dug.

14. Daughters had they, Drumba and Kumba, Okkvinkalfa, Arinnefla, Ysja and Ambott, Eikintjasna, Totrughypja and Tronubeina; And thence has risen the race of thralls.

15. Forward went Rig, his road was straight, To a hall he came, and a door there hung; In did he fare, on the floor was a fire: Afi and Amma owned the house.

16. There sat the twain, and worked at their tasks: The man hewed wood for the weaver's beam; His beard was trimmed, o'er his brow a curl, His clothes fitted close; in the corner a chest.

17. The woman sat and the distaff wielded, At the weaving with arms outstretched she worked; On her head was a band, on her breast a smock; On her shoulders a kerchief with clasps there was.

18. Rig knew well wise words to speak, Soon in the midst of the room he sat, And on either side the others were.

19. Then took Amma The vessels full with the fare she set, Calf's flesh boiled was the best of the dainties.

20. Rig knew well wise words to speak, He rose from the board, made ready to sleep; Soon in the bed himself did he lay, And on either side the others were.

21. Thus was he there for three nights long, Then forward he went on the midmost way, And so nine months were soon passed by.

22. A son bore Amma, with water they sprinkled him, Karl they named him; in a cloth she wrapped him, He was ruddy of face, and flashing his eyes.

23. He began to grow, and to gain in strength, Oxen he ruled, and plows made ready, Houses he built, and barns he fashioned, Carts he made, and the plow he managed.

24. Home did they bring the bride for Karl, In goatskins clad, and keys she bore; Snor was her name, 'neath the veil she sat; A home they made ready, and rings exchanged, The bed they decked, and a dwelling made.

25. Sons they had, they lived and were happy: Hal and Dreng, Holth, Thegn and Smith, Breith and Bondi, Bundinskeggi, Bui and Boddi, Brattskegg and Segg.

28 more verses…

About this reader

What is Scripture?

Scripture is a browser-based reader for sixteen sacred texts spanning multiple religious and literary traditions. It provides chapter-by-chapter navigation, full-text search across all works, word concordance with frequency analysis, verse-linked notes, text-to-speech, and deep linking to any chapter or verse.

Traditions Represented

The collection spans Abrahamic, East Asian, Zoroastrian, Buddhist, and Nordic traditions. Christian texts include the King James Version Old and New Testaments (1611) and Apocrypha. The Quran uses Marmaduke Pickthall's 1930 English translation. Latter-day Saint scripture includes the Book of Mormon (1830), Doctrine and Covenants (1835), and Pearl of Great Price (1851).

Confucian works include James Legge's translations of The Four Books (1893) and the Book of Poetry (1876). The Tao Te Ching uses Legge's 1891 translation. The Kojiki uses Basil Hall Chamberlain's 1919 English translation. Zoroastrian texts include the Bundahishn (E. W. West, 1880) and the Arda Viraf (Haug & West, 1872). The Lotus Sutra uses Hendrik Kern's 1884 translation. The Finnish Kalevala uses John Martin Crawford's 1888 translation, and the Norse Poetic Edda uses Henry Adams Bellows' 1923 translation.

Public Domain Translations

Every translation in this collection is in the public domain. The most recent translation dates to 1930 (Pickthall's Quran). All texts are freely available for reading, study, quotation, and redistribution with no copyright restrictions.

Concordance and Related Passages

The concordance indexes every word across all sixteen works, showing frequency and distribution. TF-IDF (term frequency-inverse document frequency) scoring identifies passages with similar vocabulary across different traditions, enabling comparative study without requiring prior knowledge of each text's structure. TF-IDF weights words that are frequent in one chapter but rare across the corpus, surfacing meaningful thematic connections rather than common function words.

Deep Linking

Every chapter and verse has a permanent URL. Chapter links follow the pattern /scripture/{work}/{book}-{chapter} (e.g., /scripture/ot/gen-1 for Genesis 1). Verse links append the verse number (e.g., /scripture/ot/gen-1:26 for Genesis 1:26). These URLs can be shared, bookmarked, or cited directly.

Accessibility

Scripture supports keyboard navigation throughout: Tab moves between controls, Enter activates verse actions, and arrow keys navigate chapters. The reading pane has a skip-to-content link. All overlays (search, concordance) are focus-trapped ARIA dialogs. Dynamic content regions use aria-live for screen reader announcements. High-contrast mode is available via the theme toggle. Verse numbers are visible to assistive technology. No flashing content or motion hazards.

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